Tinder fungus
Fomes fomentarius
The tinder fungus is a widespread, perennial polypore that grows as a weak parasite or saprobe on deciduous trees. Its fruiting body is hoof-shaped or bracket-shaped with a hard, greyish crust and distinct concentric growth zones. It plays a vital role in forest ecosystems by decomposing lignin and cellulose, causing white rot. Historically, it is well-known for its use as tinder for fire-making and for its medicinal, styptic properties.
Details
Identification
Hoof- or bracket-shaped fruiting body, grey to blackish-grey upper surface with a hard crust, cinnamon-brown trama (flesh), very fine pores on the underside (3-4 per mm).
Diet
Feeds as a saprobe or parasite on wood components, decomposing lignin and causing white rot.
Spawning substrate
Trunks and thick branches of deciduous trees, especially European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and birch (Betula).
Overwintering
The perennial fruiting body survives frost periods and resumes spore production when weather conditions are favorable.
Ecology
Ecological role
Important primary decomposer of deadwood and habitat creator; the fruiting bodies provide habitat for hundreds of insect species.
Natural predators
Mycetophagous insect larvae, especially the beetle Bolitophagus reticulatus.
Competitor species
Other wood-decay fungi such as the Artist's Bracket (Ganoderma lipsiense) or the Birch Polypore (Fomitopsis betulina).
Ecosystem service
Nutrient cycling in forests, provision of microhabitats for insects, and nesting space for cavity-nesting birds following woodpecker activity.
Threats
Intensive forestry practices involving the systematic removal of old and deadwood.
Scientific profile
Profile
Distinguishing features
Characteristic hoof shape; the crust melts when exposed to heat (Mycofactum test); cinnamon-brown trama; no reddish reaction with KOH (distinction from Phellinus).
Habitat
Deciduous and mixed forests, especially beech forests; parks and avenues with old-growth trees.
Reproduction
Sexual reproduction via basidiospores; spore release is dependent on temperature and humidity.
Protection & threats
Main threats
Intensive forestry leading to the removal of habitat wood and the loss of old-growth forest patches.
Conservation measures
Promotion of deadwood concepts; preservation of habitat trees; process protection in core zones of national parks.