Acinetobacter
Acinetobacter
Acinetobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacteria within the family Moraxellaceae. They are characterized by being non-motile, oxidase-negative, and having a coccobacillary morphology. These microorganisms are ubiquitous, inhabiting soil, water, and the skin of animals and humans. While many species are ecologically important as decomposers, some are significant opportunistic pathogens known for high levels of antibiotic resistance.
Details
Identification
Gram-negative, non-motile, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, coccobacilli, often arranged in pairs.
Social behavior
Formation of biofilms to colonize surfaces and protect against environmental stress.
Diet
Chemoheterotrophic; utilizes a wide variety of organic carbon sources, including complex hydrocarbons.
Overwintering
Persistence or metabolic inactivity in cold environments.
Ecology
Ecological role
Significant role in nutrient cycling as decomposers and in the degradation of pollutants in soil and water.
Natural predators
Bacterivorous protists and bacteriophages.
Competitor species
Other soil bacteria such as Pseudomonas species.
Ecosystem service
Bioremediation of oil-contaminated sites and phosphate removal in wastewater treatment plants.
Scientific profile
Profile
Habitat
Ubiquitous in the environment: soil, surface water, sewage, and drinking water. Common component of the microbiota of skin and mucous membranes in humans and animals. Particularly persistent in clinical environments (hospitals).
Ecological role
Important role in global nutrient cycling as decomposers. Some strains are capable of bioremediation (degradation of aromatic compounds, hydrocarbons, and pesticides). Involved in nitrogen fixation within the rhizosphere.